The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private, non-profit organization that coordinates voluntary consensus standards in the United States. ANSI doesn’t make laws—it brings together manufacturers, engineers, safety experts, and consumers to create standards that ensure quality and safety across industries.
ANSI doesn’t produce helmets or enforce compliance; it defines performance criteria that manufacturers must meet if they want their products to be certified as safe and effective.
How ANSI Affects Welding Equipment
In the welding industry, ANSI works alongside organizations like OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and ISEA (International Safety Equipment Association). OSHA often references ANSI standards in its safety regulations, which means employers and workers must use equipment that meets or exceeds these requirements.
In short:
ANSI writes the standard.
ISEA helps develop and update it.
OSHA enforces it in the workplace.
The Key Standard: ANSI/ISEA Z87.1
When it comes to welding helmets, the primary ANSI standard is ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 — officially titled “Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices.”
This standard outlines the minimum performance requirements for all eye and face protection used in industrial and educational environments. For welders, it ensures that helmets provide adequate defense against:
- Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
- Infrared (IR) radiation
- Optical glare and brightness
- Flying debris, spatter, and impacts
What the “Z87.1” Code Means
If your welding helmet is marked with “ANSI Z87.1,” it has passed tests for:
- Impact resistance (high-velocity and high-mass projectiles)
- Optical clarity (lens distortion limits)
- Radiation protection (blocking UV/IR rays, even when the lens is clear)
- Coverage and fit (helmet design must shield critical areas of the face)
A newer version of the standard—ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020—expanded testing for modern helmet technologies such as auto-darkening filters (ADF), side-shield coverage, and optical-clarity accuracy.
Decoding Markings on Welding Helmets
When examining a helmet, you may see markings such as:
- Z87: Basic impact protection
- Z87+: High-impact protection
- Z87-2: Prescription safety lenses that meet the standard
- Z87.1-2015 or 2020: Indicates compliance with the latest test revisions
Pro tip:
A helmet labeled only “ANSI-approved” without the “Z87.1” designation may not actually meet ANSI requirements. Always look for the full code etched or stamped on the lens or shell.
Other ANSI Standards Related to Welding Safety
While ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 is the main standard, several related standards contribute to overall welding safety.
ANSI Z49.1 – Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes
This standard—originally published in 1944—is one of the most recognized safety guides in the welding world. It covers:
- Safe welding practices
- Fire prevention
- PPE requirements
- Ventilation, electrical safety, and health hazards
ANSI Z49.1 works hand-in-hand with Z87.1 by providing context for how helmets and other PPE fit into a full safety program.
ANSI Z89.1 – Industrial Head Protection
Some welding helmets are integrated with hard-hat shells. These must also comply with ANSI Z89.1, which defines performance requirements for impact, penetration, and electrical insulation for headgear.
ANSI/ASSE Z117.1 – Confined Spaces
For welders working in tanks, vessels, or tunnels, helmets must not only protect eyes but also fit safely in confined areas. Z117.1 provides guidance for that environment.
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 Testing Requirements
Helmets that claim ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 certification must undergo rigorous testing across multiple safety categories.
1. Impact Resistance Tests
Helmets and lenses are subjected to both high-velocity and high-mass impact tests to ensure they can withstand flying debris or slag.
2. Optical Clarity and Refractive Accuracy
The lens must not distort the welder’s vision. ANSI measures optical quality through three criteria:
- Luminous transmittance uniformity
- Refractive power
- Prismatic deviation
3. UV and IR Radiation Testing
Lenses must block 99.9% of UV and IR radiation, even when in the light or inactive state (for auto-darkening helmets).
4. Auto-Darkening Filter (ADF) Evaluation
For modern helmets, ANSI tests:
- Reaction speed (should darken in ≤ 0.00004 seconds)
- Shade range accuracy (#8–#13 typically)
- Power-failure protection (lens must default to a safe shade if the battery dies)
5. Coverage and Stability
Helmets must shield the entire face and maintain coverage during movement, withstanding vibration and heat.
6. Marking and Labeling Compliance
Each certified helmet must clearly display:
- Manufacturer name
- Model number
- ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 year (e.g., 2020)
- Applicable symbols like “Z87+” or “ADF”
Understanding “Z87+” vs “Z87”
- Z87: Helmet meets basic impact and optical protection requirements.
- Z87+: Helmet meets high-impact protection standards—tested against projectiles at higher speeds.
For welders, a Z87+ rating is preferred because sparks, slag, and metal fragments frequently hit the lens at high velocity.
How to Verify That Your Welding Helmet Meets ANSI Standards
Many products claim “ANSI approval” without genuine testing. Here’s how to verify compliance:
- Look for Permanent Markings: Authentic helmets have laser-etched or molded “Z87.1-20XX” labels.
- Check Manufacturer Documentation: Reputable brands provide ANSI/ISEA certification details.
- Inspect Packaging: Certification numbers should match product model numbers.
- Beware of Counterfeits: Low-cost imports sometimes misuse ANSI labels.
- Cross-Check with Reputable Vendors: Stick to well-known manufacturers and distributors.
If you’re buying for a workplace, OSHA inspectors may request proof that helmets meet ANSI standards—so always keep documentation.
Why ANSI Compliance Is Crucial
1. Prevents Eye Injuries
A certified helmet ensures your eyes are shielded from harmful UV/IR rays and glare that cause “welder’s flash” or photokeratitis.
2. Protects Against Impact and Heat
Z87.1 helmets resist molten metal spatter and debris impact—critical in high-heat environments.
3. Ensures Consistent Optical Clarity
ANSI-certified lenses are tested to avoid distortions that can ruin weld accuracy.
4. Legal and Insurance Compliance
Using uncertified helmets can violate OSHA requirements and may void insurance coverage after workplace injuries.
5. Supports Long-Term Eye Health
Proper UV and IR protection prevents chronic conditions like cataracts and retina burns common among long-term welders.
Choosing the Right ANSI-Compliant Welding Helmet
1. Identify Your Welding Type
Different welding processes emit varying levels of light intensity. Stick and MIG welding typically require darker lenses (#10–#13), while TIG welding needs lighter shades (#8–#12).
2. Verify Shade Range
Ensure the helmet covers a wide adjustable range (typically shade #8 to #13). ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 specifies testing for accurate shade response.
3. Look for “Z87+ ADF”
If using an auto-darkening helmet, verify it meets both high-impact (“+”) and ADF performance requirements.
4. Prioritize Optical Clarity
Many helmets also advertise EN 379 clarity ratings (European standard). While optional in the U.S., they complement ANSI by providing finer optical quality grading.
5. Consider Comfort and Fit
A helmet that meets ANSI but doesn’t fit well can still be unsafe—loose headgear may shift during welding and expose you to glare or sparks.
Common Misconceptions About ANSI Standards
- “If it blocks light, it’s safe.”
False—cheap tinted lenses may reduce brightness but not UV/IR radiation. - “All helmets on the market are ANSI-approved.”
Not true. Many inexpensive imports don’t undergo ANSI testing. - “Older helmets automatically meet new standards.”
Each revision (2010, 2015, 2020) adds new test criteria; older helmets may not qualify. - “Auto-darkening helmets don’t need standards.”
Incorrect—ADF helmets must meet ANSI optical and reaction-speed requirements. - “DIY tints or filters work fine.”
Never modify lenses; uncertified filters can cause irreversible eye damage.
Best Practices for Maintaining ANSI-Certified Helmets
- Clean lenses regularly with soft cloth and mild soap—avoid harsh chemicals.
- Replace damaged parts immediately. Scratches or cracks compromise UV protection.
- Check batteries and sensors on auto-darkening models before each use.
- Store helmets properly in cool, dry places away from sunlight and welding fumes.
- Re-inspect markings annually to ensure continued compliance.
Routine care keeps even high-end helmets performing safely for years.
FAQ Section
1. What ANSI standard is for welding helmets?
The key standard is ANSI/ISEA Z87.1, which defines eye and face protection performance for welding and other industrial tasks.
2. What does “Z87+” mean?
It indicates high-impact protection—your helmet passed stricter tests than basic Z87 models.
3. Does Z87.1 cover auto-darkening filters?
Yes, the 2010, 2015, and 2020 revisions include detailed criteria for auto-darkening lenses (ADF).
4. Are helmets marked “ANSI Z87” safe for welding?
Yes, but “Z87+” offers greater impact resistance—prefer that for professional use.
5. Is ANSI certification required by law?
While ANSI itself is voluntary, OSHA regulations incorporate ANSI Z87.1, effectively making compliance mandatory in workplaces.
6. What’s the difference between ANSI and EN 175/EN 379?
ANSI applies mainly in the U.S.; EN standards are European equivalents. Many helmets meet both.
7. How often should I replace a welding helmet?
Every 3–5 years, or sooner if lenses or sensors degrade.
8. Can non-ANSI helmets still protect my eyes?
Possibly, but without certification you have no guarantee of tested UV/IR or impact protection.
9. Does ANSI Z87.1 specify lens shade numbers?
Yes—it aligns shade requirements with welding amperage to ensure adequate light filtration.
10. What’s the latest version of the standard?
As of now, ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 is the most current revision.
Conclusion
ANSI standards serve as the backbone of welding safety. The ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 standard ensures that every certified welding helmet on the market meets rigorous requirements for impact resistance, radiation protection, and optical clarity.
When you see Z87.1 or Z87+ etched on your helmet, you can trust it’s been tested to safeguard your vision against the blinding intensity of welding arcs.
Whether you’re a professional fabricator or a weekend hobbyist, never compromise on helmet certification. The right ANSI-compliant helmet isn’t just a tool—it’s your first line of defense against one of the brightest hazards in the world.
Protect your eyes, trust certified equipment, and weld with confidence knowing your gear meets the highest ANSI safety standards.
I’m Darrell Julian, the founder, lead writer, and hands-on welding enthusiast behind ArcWeldingPro.com. With more than 15 years of real-world welding experience, I created this platform to share what I’ve learned in the field, in the shop, and in the heat of the arc.
